The esophagus, the forestomachs (reticulum, rumen, omasum) of ruminants, and the real stomach in all species, the small intestine, the liver, the exocrine pancreas, the large intestine, and the rectum and anus make up the digestive system. Tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and diffuse lymphoid tissue are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Many GI illnesses involve the […]
Introduction to Liver Disease The liver is responsible for a variety of functions, including lipid, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism; vitamin storage, metabolism, and activation; mineral, glycogen, and triglyceride storage; extramedullary hematopoiesis; and coagulant, anticoagulant, and several acute phase proteins synthesis. Through the production and enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, as well as the detoxification of […]
Introduction Unlike coccidiosis which is a disease caused by parasites (Apicomplexa phylum and the Eimeriidae family), infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a viral infection that affects young domestic chickens all over the world. Depression, watery diarrhea, ruffled feathers, and dehydration are all symptoms of the clinical condition. In young chicks, the disease can manifest as […]
Introduction Coccidiosis is caused by protozoa belonging to the Apicomplexa phylum and the Eimeriidae family. The majority of Eimeria species infect different parts of the gut in chickens. The infectious phase is quick (4–7 days) and is marked by parasite proliferation in host cells as well as significant intestinal mucosa destruction. Coccidia in poultry are […]
Nutritional problems in dogs and cats are uncommon in industrialized countries, especially when they are fed high-quality, commercial, comprehensive, and balanced diets. When dogs and cats are fed imbalanced homemade diets, cats are fed diets formulated for dogs, or dogs and cats are fed particular human foods, nutritional problems are most common. Dog or cat […]
Canine Distemper Virus (CDV): Clinical Signs, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis, Prevention, and Control Canine distemper is a highly contagious, systemic, viral disease of dogs seen worldwide. Clinically, canine distemper is characterized by: a diphasic fever leukopenia GI and respiratory catarrh, and frequently, pneumonic and neurologic complications The high number of species vulnerable to infection complicates its […]
Canine parvovirus (CPV): Clinical Signs, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis, Prevention and Control Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly contagious and the common cause of acute, infectious gastrointestinal sickness in puppies and/or dogs that have not been immunized. Its exact origin is uncertain; however, it is thought to have originated from the feline panleukopenia virus. It’s […]
Defining Feed Additives Animal and human diets contain a wide range of additives. These chemicals are largely used in poultry diets to increase the efficiency of the bird’s development and/or laying capability and avoid illness and improve feed utilization. Any feed additives must be approved for usage before being utilized as indicated in terms of […]
On poultry farms, biosecurity practices and farm hygiene are used to reduce the risk of disease agents spreading from outside sources (such as wild bird populations or other farms), disease agent movement between sheds on the same farm, disease agent carryover from one batch to the next in the shed environment, and disease agent transmission […]
If infected or infested with parasites, even the finest fed and housed cattle with the highest genetic potential will not develop and produce efficiently. As a result, excellent poultry health management is a crucial part of the poultry production process. Because of the high stocking densities of commercially kept chickens, infectious disease-causing agents can swiftly […]
